In the hydraulic system, hydraulic motors and hydraulic pumps are two vital components, each of them plays a different role, together to maintain the normal operation of the hydraulic system. Although they have similarities in the working principle, but in function, structure and application there are significant differences.
1. Definition and function
Hydraulic pump: hydraulic pump is the power element of the hydraulic system, it relies on the engine or motor drive, the mechanical energy is converted to hydraulic energy. Specifically, the hydraulic pump from the hydraulic oil tank to inhale the oil, after pressurization and discharge, to provide the system with the required pressure oil. It is the whole hydraulic system “heart”, responsible for the executive element to provide a power source.
Hydraulic motor: hydraulic motor is the hydraulic system of the executive element, it will provide the hydraulic pump liquid pressure energy into its output shaft of mechanical energy (torque and speed). The output shaft of the hydraulic motor can drive the load to carry out rotary motion, widely used in engineering machinery, injection molding machinery, ships, hoists and other fields.
2. Working principle
Hydraulic pump: the working principle of the hydraulic pump mainly depends on its internal movement caused by the pump cavity volume change. Plunger pump, for example, when the motor drives the cam rotation, the cam pushes the plunger to rise, so that the sealing volume between the plunger and the cylinder reduces, and the oil is extruded and flows to the system through the check valve. When the cam rotates to the descending section, the spring pushes the plunger downward, a vacuum is formed in the pump chamber, and the oil in the tank is sucked into the sealing volume. Through the continuous rotation of the cam, the continuous suction and discharge function of the pump is realized.
Hydraulic motor: the working principle of the hydraulic motor is opposite to that of the hydraulic pump, which converts the pressure energy of the liquid into mechanical energy. When the hydraulic oil enters the hydraulic motor from the oil port, the pressure acts on the stator and pushes the rotor to rotate. At the same time, the hydraulic fluid passes through the volume change area of the rotor, converting the hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and pushing the load to rotary motion. The speed and torque of the hydraulic motor can be controlled by adjusting the flow and pressure of the hydraulic fluid.
3. Structure and characteristics
Hydraulic pumps: hydraulic pumps have a variety of structures, including gear pumps, piston pumps, vane pumps and screw pumps. Different types of hydraulic pumps in the structure of the differences, but the common point is that they have a closed and can change the volume of the cycle and the corresponding oil distribution mechanism. Hydraulic pumps generally only inlet and outlet (except for axial piston pumps), its internal leakage of oil and oil inlet. Hydraulic pumps have a high volumetric efficiency, but usually requires unidirectional rotation.
Hydraulic motors: hydraulic motors also have a variety of structural forms, including gear-type, vane-type and piston type. Unlike hydraulic pumps, the output shaft of a hydraulic motor must be able to rotate forward and reverse, so its structure is symmetrical. In addition to the inlet and outlet ports, hydraulic motors have separate leakage ports. Hydraulic motors usually have a lower volumetric efficiency than hydraulic pumps, but have a wider range of speeds and torques to meet the demands of different loads.
4. Application and performance
Hydraulic pumps: Hydraulic pumps are widely used in various hydraulic systems to provide a stable power source for the actuating elements. They are widely used in industrial production, automobile manufacturing, marine and offshore engineering, and aerospace and other fields. The performance of hydraulic pumps mainly depends on its flow, pressure and efficiency and other parameters, these parameters directly affect the overall performance of the hydraulic system.
Hydraulic motors: Hydraulic motors, on the other hand, are mainly used to drive loads for rotary motion. In construction machinery, agricultural machinery, material handling systems and other fields, hydraulic motors are favored for their high torque output, constant torque and overload capacity. The performance parameters of hydraulic motors include speed, torque and efficiency, which determine their performance in practical applications.
Hydraulic motor and hydraulic pump are two indispensable components in the hydraulic system, and they are significantly different in function, working principle, structure and application. Hydraulic pump is responsible for the conversion of mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, to provide a power source for the system; while the hydraulic motor will be the liquid pressure energy into mechanical energy, drive the load for rotary motion. In practical applications, we need to choose the right hydraulic pump and hydraulic motor according to specific needs and conditions in order to achieve the best system performance.
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