Hydraulic pump is a key power component in the hydraulic system, and its main function is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover (such as an engine or electric motor) into the pressure energy of the liquid, thereby providing power to the hydraulic system. The following is a detailed analysis of the hydraulic pump:
1. Definition and Function
Definition: A hydraulic pump is a kind of hydraulic system power element driven by an engine or electric motor, which sucks oil from the hydraulic oil tank to form a pressure oil discharge, and then sends it to the actuator (such as hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, etc.).
Function: Converts mechanical energy into hydraulic energy to provide pressurized liquid for hydraulic transmission.
2, the working principle
The working principle of the hydraulic pump is based on the change in the closed working volume. When a hydraulic pump is working, the working volume inside it changes, allowing the liquid to be sucked in and discharged. In this process, the pressure of the liquid can be increased, which in turn drives other elements in the hydraulic system.
3. Structure type
Hydraulic pumps can be divided into many types according to their structure, mainly including gear pumps, piston pumps, vane pumps and screw pumps. Each pump has its own unique characteristics and scope of application:
Gear pump: small size, simple structure, less strict requirements for oil cleanliness, cheaper price. However, the pump shaft is subject to unbalanced force, serious wear and leakage.
Vane pumps: Double-acting vane pumps and single-acting vane pumps. The flow rate is uniform, the operation is stable, the noise is small, the working pressure and volumetric efficiency are higher than those of the gear pump, but the structure is more complex.
Piston pump: high volumetric efficiency, low leakage, can work at high pressure, suitable for high-power hydraulic system. However, the structure is complex, the material and processing accuracy are high, the price is expensive, and the cleanliness of the oil is required.
4, the scope of application
Hydraulic pumps are used in a wide range of applications, covering agriculture, construction, mining, aerospace, ships, textiles, food processing, medical equipment and many other fields. In these fields, hydraulic pumps are widely used in conveying, pressure testing, lifting, cutting, etc. For example, in agricultural machinery, hydraulic pumps are often used for things such as conveying, lifting, and cutting; In the construction field, hydraulic pumps are often used for lifting and conveying work in construction machinery such as cranes and concrete pump trucks.
5. Use and maintenance
In order to ensure the normal operation of the hydraulic pump and prolong its service life, the following points need to be noted:
Fill the oil before use and change the hydraulic oil regularly.
Pay attention to whether the exhaust valve is open to avoid cavitation.
Regularly clean the impurities and residues in the pump body to prevent damage to the pump body.
After the hydraulic pump stops working, close the inlet valve, outlet valve, and exhaust valve and other devices for the next use.
As the core power component of the hydraulic system, the performance of the hydraulic pump directly affects the operation efficiency and stability of the entire hydraulic system. Therefore, when selecting and using hydraulic pumps, it is necessary to select the appropriate pump type and specifications according to the specific work needs and conditions, and use and maintain them in strict accordance with the operating procedures.
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