A hydraulic system is a system that uses liquid pressure to transmit power and control it. It is mainly composed of five parts: power components, actuators, control elements, auxiliary components (accessories) and hydraulic oil.
1. Power element: This is the prime mover that drives the entire hydraulic system, such as electric motor, internal combustion engine or steam engine. According to different use requirements, single or multiple power sources can be selected. Its function is to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the liquid, usually referring to the oil pump in the hydraulic system, which provides power for the entire hydraulic system. The structural forms of hydraulic pumps generally include gear pumps, vane pumps, piston pumps and screw pumps.
2. Actuator: This is the part that is directly involved in the realization of the specified function. They usually use cylinder blocks or plungers as the basic structure, and are divided into several types according to the tasks accomplished, such as piston type for reciprocating motion, crank slider type for oscillating motion, etc. Its function is to convert the pressure energy of the liquid into mechanical energy, and drive the load to make a linear reciprocating motion or rotary motion, and the common actuators are hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors.
3. Control elements: that is, various hydraulic valves, which control and regulate the pressure, flow and direction of the liquid in the hydraulic system. According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into pressure control valves, flow control valves and directional control valves. According to the different control methods, hydraulic valves can be divided into on-off control valves, fixed-value control valves and proportional control valves.
4. Auxiliary components: these components include oil tank, oil filter, cooler, heater, accumulator, oil pipe and pipe joint, sealing ring, quick change joint, high-pressure ball valve, hose assembly, pressure measuring joint, pressure gauge, oil level gauge, oil thermometer, etc., which provide necessary support and protection for the hydraulic system.
5. Hydraulic oil: It is the medium of the hydraulic system, which transmits power and controls through the pressure of the liquid.
The hydraulic system can be divided into hydraulic transmission system and hydraulic control system. The main function of the hydraulic transmission system is to transmit power and motion, while the hydraulic control system needs to make the output of the hydraulic system meet specific performance requirements (especially dynamic performance). The hydraulic system usually refers to the hydraulic transmission system.
Hydraulic systems are widely used in various fields, including machinery manufacturing, construction engineering, aerospace, shipbuilding, etc., and are an indispensable part of modern industry.
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