Hydraulic system is a kind of system that uses liquid as the working medium and uses the pressure energy of liquid to transmit power and control.
First, Components
1. Power Element: Usually a hydraulic pump, which converts the mechanical energy of the prime mover (such as electric motor, internal combustion engine, etc.) into hydraulic energy to provide pressure oil for the system.
2. Actuators: including hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors, which convert hydraulic energy into mechanical energy to achieve linear motion or rotary motion.
3. Control elements: mainly various hydraulic valves, such as relief valves, pressure reducing valves, reversing valves, etc., are used to control the pressure, flow and direction of the hydraulic system.
4. Auxiliary components: including oil tanks, filters, oil pipes, pipe joints, seals, etc., which provide necessary support and guarantee for the normal operation of the hydraulic system.
5. Working medium: Usually hydraulic oil, which plays the role of energy transfer, lubrication, cooling and sealing in the hydraulic system.
Second, the working principle
The principle of operation of the hydraulic system is based on Pascal's law, which states that in a closed container, the pressure exerted on a still liquid is simultaneously transferred to all points of the liquid at the same time. When the hydraulic pump is started, the hydraulic oil is drawn from the oil tank and pressurized to form a pressure oil with a certain pressure. The pressure oil is delivered through the tubing to various hydraulic valves and actuators. The hydraulic valve regulates the direction, pressure and flow of the pressure oil according to the control signal, thus controlling the direction of movement, speed and force of the actuator. After the actuator has completed the required work task, the pressure oil returns to the tank to complete a working cycle.
Third, the field of application
Hydraulic systems are widely used in various fields, such as:
1. Construction machinery: such as excavators, loaders, cranes, etc., the hydraulic system provides powerful power and precise control for these equipment.
2. Metallurgical equipment: such as rolling mills, continuous casters, etc., the hydraulic system is used to control the pressure, speed and position of the equipment to ensure the stability and efficiency of the production process.
3. Aerospace: Hydraulic systems play an important role in the landing gear system, flight control system, etc. of aircraft.
4. Industrial automation: such as automated production lines, robots, etc., hydraulic systems can provide high-precision motion control and powerful power output.
Fourth, features
1. High power density: The hydraulic system can output more power in a smaller volume and weight, which is suitable for occasions that require high power output.
2. Wide range of speed regulation: By adjusting the flow rate of the hydraulic pump or the displacement of the hydraulic motor, a wide range of speed regulation can be achieved to meet the needs of different working conditions.
3. Fast response: The response speed of the hydraulic system is fast, which can realize rapid start, stop and reversal, and improve the working efficiency of the equipment.
4. Strong overload protection ability: When the load exceeds the rated pressure of the hydraulic system, the hydraulic valve will be automatically opened to achieve overload protection and avoid equipment damage.
5. Easy to realize automatic control: The hydraulic system can be automatically controlled through electrical, electronic and other control methods to improve production efficiency and accuracy.
Fifth, Maintenance
In order to ensure the proper operation of the hydraulic system and extend its service life, regular maintenance is required, including:
1. Keep the hydraulic oil clean: Replace the hydraulic oil and filter regularly to prevent impurities from entering the system and causing wear and damage to the hydraulic components.
2. Check the tightness of the hydraulic system: find and deal with leakage problems in time to ensure that the pressure of the system is stable and working normally.
3. Check the working status of hydraulic components: regularly check the working status of hydraulic pumps, hydraulic valves, hydraulic cylinders and other components, and repair or replace them in time if problems are found.
4. Pay attention to the temperature of the hydraulic system: keep the working temperature of the hydraulic system within the appropriate range to avoid damage to the system caused by too high or too low temperature.
5. Regular system debugging and calibration: ensure that the parameters of the hydraulic system meet the design requirements and ensure the performance and accuracy of the system.
hydraulic control system
electro hydraulic systems