Piston pumps are a member of hydraulic pumps，piston pumps are volumetric pumps with the advantages of high rated pressure, compact structure, high efficiency and easy flow adjustment. Plunger pumps are widely used in high-pressure, high-flow and flow need to be adjusted occasions, such as hydraulic machines, construction machinery and ships. This article will provide you with a detailed introduction to the plunger pump knowledge, I hope to help you.
1.Working Principle
The working principle of piston pump is to rely on the reciprocating movement of the piston in the cylinder, changing the volume of the sealed working chamber to realize the oil suction and pressure. Plunger pump includes plunger sleeve, plunger, plunger spring, upper and lower plunger spring seat, discharge valve, discharge valve seat, discharge valve spring and discharge valve tight seat and other parts. When the plunger is pushed in, the pressure in the working chamber rises, the inlet valve closes, the outlet valve opens and the liquid is discharged. Conversely, when the plunger is pulled outward, the pressure in the working chamber decreases, the inlet valve opens and the liquid is drawn in.
2.Structure
(1) Plunger: the core component of the plunger pump, usually reciprocating in the cylinder. The plunger and the cylinder hole form a closed volume between the cylinder to change the volume of the sealed working chamber.
(2) Pump Body: The pump body is the main bearing part of the piston pump, usually made of cast iron or steel. There are one or more pump cavities inside the pump body, and the pump cavities are connected to the outside through the suction and discharge ports on the side.
(3) Power end: the power end is the power source of the piston pump, mainly composed of crankshaft, connecting rod, crosshead, floating sleeve and seat.
The crankshaft is one of the key components of the power end, and the rotary motion is converted into reciprocating linear motion of the plunger through the connecting rod; the connecting rod transmits the thrust on the plunger to the crankshaft and converts the rotary motion of the crankshaft into reciprocating motion of the plunger; the crosshead connects the connecting rod of the oscillating motion and the reciprocating motion of the plunger, which has a guiding function; the floating sleeve is fixed on the seat, and it acts as a floating support point for the guide rod of the crosshead to increase the life time of the sealing parts; the seat is the main part of the piston pump. The floating sleeve is fixed on the seat, which plays the role of floating support point for the guide rod of the cross head and improves the service life of the sealing parts; the seat is the force member for installing the power end and connecting the hydraulic end.
(4) hydraulic end: the hydraulic end is the liquid working part of the piston pump, mainly composed of pump head, sealing letter, inlet and discharge valves, etc.; the pump head is forged from stainless steel as a whole, the suction and discharge valves are arranged vertically; the sealing letter is connected to the pump head with flanges, and the sealing of the piston is in the form of a rectangle soft packing made of carbon fiber textile, which has a good performance of high-pressure sealing; the inlet and discharge valves and the seats are suitable for transporting liquids with large viscosities, with low damping and conical valve structure. The inlet and outlet valves and valve seats are suitable for conveying liquids with large viscosity and have low damping and conical valve structure.
(5) Accessory parts: mainly including check valves, voltage stabilizers, lubrication systems, safety valves, pressure gauges and so on.
The check valve prevents the liquid from flowing back to the pump body when it flows in the opposite direction; the pressure regulator makes the high pressure pulsating liquid discharged from the pump head become a smooth high pressure liquid flow; the lubrication system provides lubrication for the crankshaft, cross head and other rotating parts; the pressure gauge is used to monitor the working pressure of the pump; the safety valve opens by itself when it is overpressurized to play the role of pressure relief and protection.
3. Selection of piston pumps
Plunger pump selection should pay attention to the following points:
(1) Determine the working condition of the medium, plunger pump conveying medium does not allow large particles of material, otherwise it will cause work failure, the iron pollution requirements of the occasion should be selected stainless steel plunger pump, acidic or alkaline media should be selected anticorrosive plunger pump;
(2) Determine a reasonable flow range, piston pump model nominal rated flow, selection should be considered appropriate margin range;
(3) Determine the applicable pressure level, the rated pressure of the plunger pump can reach 2.5-20MPa, with the filter press should be used with variable pumps, slurry should be selected low-pressure pumps to reduce waste;
(4) Determine the above parameters, according to the principle of preferring bigger rather than smaller, according to the standard model selection of YB series ceramic plunger pump.
(5) If there is any doubt, you should call the professional manufacturer, please professional engineering technicians to help select the type.
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