In the selection of hydraulic motors, Orbital hydraulic motor has become the preferred power equipment for excavators due to its unique structural design and performance advantages. In this paper, we will start from the technical characteristics of the oscillating hydraulic motor, analyze its application value in excavators, and discuss the future optimization direction.
1. Technical characteristics of orbital hydraulic motor
(1) Compact structure and high power density
Orbital hydraulic motors are based on the principle of planetary transmission with fewer gears, and internal mesh transmission is realized through the meshing of cycloid needle teeth. Its core components include stator, rotor and oil distribution disk, compact structure. This feature enables the Orbital hydraulic motor to realize high torque output in the limited space of the excavator, which is especially suitable for volume-sensitive scenarios such as slewing mechanism and traveling drive.
(2) High torque and stability at low speeds
Orbital hydraulic motor can output high torque at low speed, and the lowest stabilized speed can be as low as 10-15 r/min. This characteristic is perfectly matched with excavator digging, slewing, and other working conditions that require precise control and large load fluctuation.
(3) High efficiency and shock resistance
The volumetric efficiency of Orbital hydraulic motors usually exceeds 85%, and the total efficiency can reach more than 63%, significantly reducing energy consumption. At the same time, its rotor and stator meshing design has a natural impact resistance, and can withstand frequent impact loads in excavator operations (such as the instantaneous pressure during crushing operations) to extend equipment life.
(4) Forward and reverse sensitivity and control accuracy
Due to the small rotational inertia, the Orbital hydraulic motor can realize millisecond forward and reverse rotation switching, which is suitable for the quick adjustment and fine operation of the excavator bucket. Combined with electro-hydraulic proportional control technology, it can further improve the smoothness of movement and repeat positioning accuracy.
2. orbital hydraulic motor in the excavator application value
(1) Slewing mechanism drive
The slewing platform of excavators needs to start and stop frequently and bear the inertia load of the upper structure. The low-speed and high-torque characteristics of the Orbital hydraulic motor can ensure the smooth start of the slewing; its compact structure is easy to be integrated into the slewing reducer to reduce the space occupied.
(2) Power source of traveling system
In a crawler excavator, the Orbital hydraulic motor drives the travel reducer on both sides to realize steering and straight running. Its impact resistance enables it to cope with sudden changes in resistance in complex terrain (e.g., mud, rocks), and its high efficiency contributes to reduced fuel consumption.
(3) Adaptability of Attachment
The Orbital hydraulic motor can be connected in series or parallel to expand the displacement and adapt to attachments such as breaker hammers and hydraulic shears. It can be quickly adapted to different needs.
(4) Adaptability to extreme working conditions
In mining, tundra and other high load scenarios, the high-pressure carrying capacity and low-temperature starting performance of the Orbital hydraulic motor ensures the reliability of the equipment.
3. Future optimization
Although Orbital hydraulic motor performs well in the field of excavators, there is still room for optimization:
(1) Efficiency Improvement
Currently, the total efficiency of a Orbital hydraulic motor is about 63%-70%, and there is still potential for improvement. By optimizing the tooth profile (e.g. using asymmetric tooth profile) and surface treatment process, the friction loss can be reduced, and the target efficiency can be increased to more than 75%.
(2) Intelligent integration
Combine sensor and IoT technologies to develop intelligent motors with condition monitoring (e.g., temperature, vibration) and fault prediction functions to realize preventive maintenance. For example, real-time monitoring of load changes through built-in pressure sensors to dynamically adjust control strategies.
(3) Lightweight and Material Innovation
High-strength aluminum alloy or composite materials are used to replace the traditional cast iron shell, reducing weight while ensuring strength.
(4) Environmental compatibility
Biodegradable hydraulic oil sealing materials and coatings are developed to reduce the impact of leakage on the environment. At the same time, optimize the design of the motor's internal flow channel to reduce noise and meet the urban construction noise standards.
With its compact structure, low speed and high torque, high efficiency and impact resistance, the orbital hydraulic motor has become a core component of the excavator hydraulic system. In the future, the orbital hydraulic motor will continue to make breakthroughs in efficiency, intelligence and environmental performance, further consolidating its position in the field of construction machinery.
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